McConnell Dowell 2018 Annual Review

36 All figures are in A$ 000’s Note 2018 2017 23. Contributed Equity Issued and paid capital Ordinary share capital 216,555,362 (2017: 69,555,362) fully paid ordinary shares 23(a) 217,765 70,765 Preference share capital 400,000 (2017: 400,000) fully paid non redeemable 9.53% per annum cumulative preference shares 23(b) 40,000 40,000 TOTAL CONTRIBUTED EQUITY 257,765 110,765 23(a) - Ordinary shares entitle the holder to participate in dividends and the proceeds on winding up of the company in proportion to the amounts of paid shares held. On 15th September 2017 Aveng Limited approved the recapitalisation of $147m of the non-interest bearing shareholder loan into ordinary share capital. 23(b) - Preference shares entitle the holder to participate in dividends prior to ordinary shareholders. They are entitled to an amount of 9.53% of the face value of shares per annum. The declaration of any dividend is at the discretion of the Company. If dividends are not paid, or are not paid in full, any unpaid amounts accumulate to a maximum value of the investment. Voting and all other rights are the same as ordinary shareholders. The cumulative value of dividends not paid on preference shares (in whole dollars) is $18,088,723 (2017: $14,276,723) When managing capital, management’s objective is to ensure the entity continues as a going concern as well as to maintain optimal returns to shareholders. Consolidated 22. Financial Risk Management Objectives and Policies (continued) Excessive Risk Concentration Concentrations arise when a number of counter parties are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographical region, or have economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly effected by changes in economic, political or other conditions. Concentrations indicate the relative sensitivity of the Group’s performance to developments effecting a particular industry. In order to avoid excessive concentrations of risk, the Group’s policies and procedures includes specific guidelines to focus on maintaining a diversified portfolio. Identified concentrations of credit risks are controlled and managed accordingly. Fair Value The fair value of all current financial assets and liabilities held by the Group approximate the individual carrying values of those assets and liabilities. Non-current interest bearing loans and borrowings held by the Group approximates its carrying value (except as disclosed in note 20). The Group can use various methods in estimating the fair value of a financial instrument. The methods comprise: Level 1 – the fair value is calculated using quoted prices in active markets. Level 2 – the fair value is estimated using inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (as prices) or indirectly (derived from prices). Level 3 – the fair value is estimated using inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data. The Group uses foreign exchange forward contracts (“FEFC”) to manage some of its transaction exposure. The FEFC’s are not designated as cash flow hedges and are entered into for periods consistent with foreign currency exposure of the underlying transactions, generally from one to 24 months. They are classified as fair value through profit or loss, with Level 2 methods used to estimate the fair value. At 30 June 2018 the Group had not booked any FEFC market to market transactions (2017: nil) The FEFC’s are valued using market observable inputs, applying a forward pricing model using present value calculations. The model incorporates foreign exchange spot and forward rates and the credit quality of counterparties. Notes to the Annual Financial Statements (continued) For the year ended 30 June 2018